Layered access model
Design access control in concentric layers. A visitor at the perimeter is not the same as a visitor on the executive floor — the controls should reflect that.
Authentication factors
Card + PIN, card + biometric, card + guard verification. Single-factor access is a legacy compromise, not a design.
Visitor management
Pre-registration, ID check on arrival, escorted access for non-vetted visitors, sign-in and sign-out logged, badges recovered and audited.
Tailgating countermeasures
Speed gates, mantrap doors, guard verification at choke points, awareness training, disciplinary follow-up on repeat offenders.
Audit and access reviews
Quarterly access reviews with the business owner. Leavers off within 24 hours. Contractor access reviewed on completion.